RELAÇÃO ENTRE CLIMA E HUMOR: IMPACTOS BIOPSICOSSOCIAIS E ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS INTEGRADAS
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As alterações climáticas e a variabilidade meteorológica têm sido associadas a impactos na saúde mental. Esta revisão narrativa integra evidências nacionais e internacionais sobre os efeitos de temperaturas extremas (ondas de calor e frio), sazonalidade e fotoperíodo em condições como depressão (incluindo Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal – TAS), suicídio, sintomas psiquiátricos agudos e biomarcadores (ritmos circadianos, melatonina, cortisol, inflamação). Foram priorizados estudos como revisões sistemáticas, meta-análises, séries temporais, coortes e ensaios clínicos, com destaque para comparações entre Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) para TAS e fototerapia. A literatura mostra relação entre aumento térmico e maior procura por serviços de saúde mental, além de possível elevação do risco suicida. Em regiões de alta latitude, a baixa luminosidade invernal associa-se fortemente ao TAS. Biomarcadores apontam desregulação circadiana, disfunção do eixo HPA e inflamação como mecanismos relevantes. Intervenções eficazes incluem fototerapia e TCC para TAS, além de estratégias públicas para lidar com o calor (centros de resfriamento, alertas térmicos). Estudos brasileiros indicam que o calor impacta atendimentos psiquiátricos, especialmente entre os mais vulneráveis. Recomendam-se pesquisas longitudinais com biomarcadores e intervenções em países tropicais, integrando terapias psicoterápicas às políticas públicas climáticas.
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