O MARXISMO NO SÉCULO XXI: DESAFIOS AMBIENTAIS, CULTURAIS E DE PARADIGMA DA SOCIEDADE

Abstract

Socialism is a project under construction, reconstruction, improvement and reinvention. The diverse experiences in the socialist movements of the 19th century and in the countries that made revolutions in the 20th century, the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, Angola, Mozambique, Vietnam and others, indicate the need for a system that guarantees social equality, state planning of the economy, peace, the liberation of former colonies and the self-determination of peoples. One of the main changes and achievements was made by China with a Socialism with a market, planning and stimulus to the development of productive forces, while promoting the greatest social inclusion in the history of humanity. Now, the socialist and Marxist fields face equally important challenges: environmental degradation requires a strong and decisive action by the State to promote a socio-ecological transition, an energy transition and a change in the pattern of consumption of natural resources. Marx had already indicated since the XIX century the need to take care to avoid the depletion of natural resources and the destruction of nature. Another challenge is the construction of a multipolar world of cooperation and harmony, where social and economic development replaces competition and wars. We need to avoid a new Cold War, at the same time that in the next 10 years we must radically change the economy and life in society to combat the climate emergency, the destruction of biodiversity, the rise of the oceans, the use of pesticides and the depletion of water and other natural resources.